Research

Dr Pirjo Pärnänen (Associate Professor in Oral Microbiology, DMD, PhD) has been researching fermented lingonberry juice for over 15 years, and has conducted a number of clinical studies with impressive outcomes.

Lingora® is a class I registered medical device in the UK and the EU (EUDAMED: 06429811111004).

CE and UKCA Medical device symbols.

 

Results of studies are outstanding

Laboratory and clinical studies have shown a reduction in dental plaque and bleeding of the gums, and additionally antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancerous, and antioxidant properties. Caries-related Streptococcus mutans and candidosis- related Candida levels are reduced as well as periodontal disease- related pathogen levels. Levels of lactobacilli on the other hand are increased, which is thought to be a beneficial probiotic effect balancing the oral microbiota.

Laboratory and clinical studies have shown a reduction in dental plaque, gum inflammation and bleeding of the gums.

Additionally, Lingora alleviates the symptoms caused by dry-mouth, also known as xerostomia, by increasing saliva secretion. Saliva production is essential for maintaining good oral health. It helps wash away food particles, neutralises acids, and provides minerals that are important for tooth remineralisation. Saliva also contains enzymes that help digest food and destroy bacteria that can cause oral infections.

The research shows bacterial population of Streptococcus mutans is significantly reduced as result of Lingora® use. Streptococcus mutans is a bacterium that is a significant contributor to tooth decay.
In the figure below, Streptococcus mutans cultivation on MSB plate. Initial sample (left) and growth inhibition after 2 weeks of using fermented lingonberry mouthrinse (10 mL burst two times a day), and final sample 2 weeks after the end of use (right).

Streptococcus mutans cultivation on MSB plate.

The research also shows that the level of Candida is significantly reduced after using Lingora®.
Oral Candida is a yeast that is a normal part of the oral microbiota, but can cause infections if left untreated.
Oral Candida infections can cause a variety of symptoms, such as white patches on the tongue, throat, or inner cheeks, redness or soreness in the mouth, difficulty swallowing, and cracking at the corners of the mouth.
In the figure below, Candida cultures on SDA plate. Initial sample (left) and growth inhibition after 2 weeks of using fermented lingonberry mouthrinse (10 mL burst two times a day), and final sample 2 weeks after the end of use (right).

Candida cultures on SDA plate.

The level of lactobacilli on the other hand is increased, which is thought to provide a beneficial probiotic effect on balancing the oral microbiota.

 

Simple ingredients, simple choice

With ingredients of lingonberry and water, and no additives, all-natural ingredients and vegan accreditation, you’re choosing health without compromise.

Lingora versus traditional mouthwash

Unlike some conventional mouthwashes, Lingora® products don’t contain harmful chemicals such as chlorhexidine, hence they do not cause discolouration of teeth and are free from allergens.

 

Research papers

Here are a few examples of publications by Dr Pirjo Pärnänen and her peers:

03/2025 Oral Medicine and Oral Clinical Chemistry Game Changers for Future Plaque Control and Maintenance Dentistry Journal
09/2024 Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) Fruit Phenolic Bioactivities — A Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Human Studies Microorganisms Journal
08/2024 Oral Anti-Inflammatory and Symbiotic Effects of Fermented Lingonberry Juice — Potential Benefits in IBD Nutrients Journal
04/2024 Long-term remission of candidiasis with fermented lingonberry mouth rinse in an adult patient with APECED International Journal of Infectious Diseases
01/2023 Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Oral Effects of Fermented Lingonberry Juice — A One-Year Prospective Human Intervention Study European Journal of Dentistry
07/2022 Fermented lingonberry juice's effects on active MMP-8 (aMMP-8), bleeding on probing (BOP), and visible plaque index (VPI) in dental implants. A clinical pilot mouthwash study Clinical and Experimental Dental Research
04/2022 Effects of Fermented Lingonberry Juice Mouthwash on Salivary Parameters - A One-Year Prospective Human Intervention Study Dentistry Journal
10/2021 Lingonberries — General and Oral Effects on the Microbiome and Inflammation Nutrients Journal
02/2021 Lingonberry polyphenols: Potential SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors as nutraceutical tools? Physiological Report
10/2020 Isolation, characterization and regulation of moonlighting proteases from Candida glabrata cell wall Microbial Pathogenesis
09/2019 Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory lingonberry mouthwash - a clinical pilot study in the oral cavity Microorganisms
09/2018 Fermented lingonberry juice inhibits oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma invasion in vitro similarly to curcumin In Vivo
03/2017 The effect of Fermented Lingonberry Juice on Candida glabrata Intracellular Protein Expression International Journal of Dentistry
12/2011 A preparation for balancing the composition of the oral microbial flora EP 2585087B1